Hormones can play a significant role in the development of acne, regardless of what life stage an individual is in. Hormonal acne is often associated with changes in hormone levels, such as during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. It can range in severity, from small blackheads or whiteheads to severe acne and cysts. Hormonal acne is due to hormone levels causing oil (sebum) levels to increase and clog pores. In this guide, we'll explore the connection between hormones and acne and provide tips for managing this frustrating skin condition.

Understanding Hormonal Acne

Also known as adult acne, hormonal acne is caused by fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly androgens like testosterone. These hormones can stimulate the production of oil in the skin, leading to clogged pores and the development of acne. Hormonal acne is often characterised by deep, painful cysts that occur primarily on the chin, jawline, shoulders, back, and neck. However, it can be milder, in the form of spots, blackheads, or whiteheads.

While hormonal acne can be frustrating to deal with, there are several treatment options available, including topical medications, oral contraceptives, and lifestyle changes.

Hormonal acne is more prevalent in women but can affect men too. Some women experience acne during hormonal change events, such as menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause. Approximately half of the women in their 20s experience hormonal acne at some stage, and a quarter in their 40s.

Hormonal acne affects each individual differently. It may be a breakout that lasts a few days or can be more severe and last months. Therefore, treatment for each person is individual. Once you begin treatment, patience is key. It can often take around 4 weeks for results to become clear.

Hormonal acne is a common symptom of menopause or perimenopause (the time before menopause- usually about a year). During this time a woman’s hormones will be fluctuating and reproductive hormones will begin to decline. Diminishing oestrogen levels and an increase in testosterone can cause an increase in oil production, leading to acne. In menopause, a woman’s skin also begins to get thinner and starts to produce less naturally occurring hyaluronic acid. Menopausal acne tends to occur around the jawline.

Identifying Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal imbalances can be identified through a variety of symptoms, including irregular periods, weight gain, hair loss, and mood swings. In terms of acne, hormonal imbalances can lead to persistent breakouts that do not respond to traditional acne treatments. If you suspect that your acne is related to hormonal imbalances, it’s important to speak with your doctor who can help diagnose and treat the underlying issue.

Managing Hormonal Acne with Skincare

While hormonal imbalances may require medical intervention, there are also skincare strategies that can help manage hormonal acne. Look for products that contain ingredients like salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids, which can help unclog pores and reduce inflammation. Vitamin A is also a key ingredient for hormonal acne as it can unblock pores and increase cell turnover. It’s also important to avoid harsh scrubs and over-washing, as this can strip the skin of its natural oils and make acne worse. Finally, consider incorporating stress-reducing activities like yoga or meditation into your routine, as stress can also contribute to hormonal imbalances and acne.

Hormones, Acne, and Diet

While there is no specific diet that has been proven to cure hormonal acne, there are certain foods that may cause acne to flare up. Foods high in sugar and refined carbohydrates can cause spikes in insulin levels, which can lead to increased oil production and inflammation in the skin. Dairy products have also been linked to hormonal acne, as they contain hormones that can disrupt the body’s natural balance. Consider reducing your intake of these foods and incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your diet to support overall skin health.

Hormones, Lifestyle, and Acne

Stress and lack of sleep have both been linked to hormonal acne. Stress can change your hormonal balance causing the release of cortisol, triggering acne, or making existing acne worse. Lack of sleep can also cause a surge in cortisol. Managing stress and getting plenty of good-quality sleep can help improve your skin.

Pollution and humidity can make hormonal acne worse. Pollution causes oxidative damage to your skin, causing cells to age more quickly. This damage leads to inflammation, which could cause acne. Humid weather can cause the sebaceous glands to produce excess oil, contributing to breakouts. Pay attention to your environment and make adjustments where necessary

Birth control can also lead to hormonal acne when introduced, changed, or discontinued. Speak to your doctor if this is a concern, they may be able to recommend a pill less associated with these effects or review other contraceptive options.

Other Causes of Hormonal Acne

Unfortunately, there are some causes of hormonal acne that are out of our control. These include:

-Pregnancy

-Menstruation

-Hormone Therapy- Men having testosterone treatment for example

-Menopause

-Genetics

-Medication- This can be a side effect of some medications such as steroids

-Medical Conditions- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome for example

If pregnancy or menopause-related, thankfully this acne usually goes away by itself when this stage of life has passed.

Seeking Professional Help for Hormonal Acne

If you have tried various at-home remedies and still struggle with hormonal acne, it may be time to seek professional help. Book an appointment with a doctor or dermatologist if your acne is persistent, getting worse, painful, or affecting your mental health.

A dermatologist or doctor can assess your skin and recommend prescription medications, antibiotics, or topical treatments that can effectively manage your acne. Your doctor can also evaluate your hormone levels and determine if there are any underlying hormonal imbalances that need to be addressed. Hormone replacement therapy may be an option. Don't be afraid to reach out for help in managing your hormonal acne.